In some variations of Judaism and Islam, images of living things are prohibited. A clever way that artists got around this tenet was to use calligrams, a visual image that is formed entirely out of small words.
So, a popular Islamic calligram might use a passage of Arabic from the Koran to form a picture of an animal, a human figure, or an inanimate object such as a sword or mosque. Starting around the 9th century, Jewish scribes also developed the tradition of micrography, pictures made up of tiny Hebrew letters. These were used to create everything from drawings of animals to elaborate abstract designs and illustrations, all made up of relevant text from the scriptures.
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